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Presentations,
Conferences & Courses
 "Biodiversity
Project for Kuwait's Coral Reefs"
Method
of treatment/Technology
Eco courses
Method of treatment/Technology
1-
Biosiris
Technology:
BIOSIRIS, a multi-mode 5 mega-electronvolt
(MeV), 2 kilowatt (KW) system. Self
compact, self-contained electron beam infectious waste treatment system
that sterilizes 100% of all infectious waste.
How it works: This
system works by flooding medical and infectious waste placed in its
irradiation chamber with high-energy electrons to destroy all pathogens
(viruses, fungi, bacteria, parasites, micro-bacteria, and spores). The
high-energy electrons from the beam interact with the electrons in the
molecular structure of the infectious waste, depositing energy and
breaking the chemical bonds of organic compounds and fragmenting
micro-organisms.
What it can treat:
Electron beam sterilization technology can sterilizes 100% of all
infectious waste including miscellaneous solid waste (red bags), sharp
expendable instruments such as hypodermic needles and lancets, and
liquids. The following types of waste are compatible with the BIOSIRIS
treatment technology:
 Cultures
and stocks of infectious agents and associated biological;
Liquid
human and animal waste including blood, blood products, and body
fluids;
Pathological
waste;
Contaminated
waste from animals;
Sharps
(e.g. needles, syringes, scalpel blades, and miscellaneous glassware);
Gross
anatomical parts;
Contaminated
blood and body fluids;
Laboratory
(clinical) wastes;
Compacted
waste.
Advantages:
1. Uses an environmentally friendly process without residual radiation
or toxic residue. Its integral shield design provides operator safety
while eliminating costly special facilities;
2. Is easily incorporated into an existing infectious waste stream collection
and disposal program;
3. Costs far less to operate than any existing treatment process- less
than 10¢ per pound;
4. On-site power use at 0.035 KWh per hour is lowest of all comparable
processes.
5. Employs a low-temperature, dry, non-radioactive process;
6. Treats 400-550 pounds (180 -225 Kg) of waste per hour with 2-minute
cycle times;
7. Produces no measurable by-products; technology is endorsed by
environmental groups;
8. No added materials, such as steam, water, chemicals or compressed
air are required;
9. Perfect for on-site operation, requiring only 84 square feet (9
square meters) of floor space and standard 208V, 3-phase power;
10. The material characteristics of the waste are not altered in any
way by the treatment and may be disposed of in a conventional landfill
or recycled. The addition of a grinder, shredder or other kind of
compaction devices may integrate volume reduction into the waste
treatment flow.
Disadvantages:
1- The technology is fairly new and it is not widely used (few systems
worldwide).
2- Manual feeding system.
3- No method to test the efficiency of the waste sterilization process.
4- If the system
5- It will not accept high temperature and humidity (38 C).
6- Stationary unit, difficulty in installation and in dealing with
waste once it is inside the chamber and the unit is not functioning
properly.
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Infectious
waste incinerators in the State of Kuwait as in September
1999
(Theoretical status).
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Hospital
|
Incinerator Capacity
(kg/h)
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Commissioned (in years)
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Incineration Temperature
in oC ( inside the second chamber ***)
|
|
Ibn Sina
|
350
|
15+
|
850
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Al-Razi
|
350
|
15+
|
850
|
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Al-Sabah
|
580
|
15+
|
850
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Al-Jahra
|
580
|
15+
|
850
|
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Farwaniya
|
580
|
15+
|
850
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Mubarak
|
580
|
15+
|
850
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Adan
|
580
|
15+
|
850
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Al-Amiri
|
580
*
|
15+
|
850
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Psychiatric
|
500
**
|
7+
***
|
1200
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Infectious
diseases
|
500
**
|
7+
***
|
1200
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Note: The information presented
in this table is obtained from the Environment Protection Authority in Kuwait
in September, 1999 through a request by Eco. Notes:
* Al-Amiri
incinerator was closed due to complaints from the British Embassy in Kuwait.
** The new incinerators have units for gas
scrubbing. They are commissioned in 1993.
*** In typical incinerators the first chamber should
reach a temperature between and not less
than 900-1000 oC. The
temperature in the second chamber should reach 1200 oC.
**** The new incinerators cover six hospitals. These are Al-Sabah, the Kuwait capital city
health centers and hospitals and
finally the government health centres.
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Quantities of
medical waste produced by the public and private health care
hospitals, clinics, centres and labs in the
State of Kuwait.
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Type of health care
facility
|
No. of medical waste bags
generated/day
|
Total medical waste
generated (kg/d)
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|
Government
hospitals, centers and clinics
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4281
|
13701
|
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Private hospitals
|
172
|
273
|
|
Private clinics
|
54
|
54
|
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Private labs
|
59
|
17
|
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Total per day
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4566
|
14045
|
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Total per year
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1,666,590
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5,126,425
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Types and numbers of health care facilities in the state
of Kuwait
as in 1997.
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Types
of government hospitals, clinics and centers
|
No.
|
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Hospitals
and Sanatoriums
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15
|
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Clinics
|
70
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Dental
Clinics
|
67
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Mother
care centers
|
24
|
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Child
care centers
|
64
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Preventive
Health Centers
|
21
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Diabetes
Clinics
|
18
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Number of operations carried-out in government health care
facilities as in 1997.
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Years
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1993
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1994
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1995
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1996
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1997
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No.
of Operations *
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147,822
|
164,943
|
174,405
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174,656
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177,998
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Source: MoP, (1998). * General, orthopaedic,
ENT, obstetrical and gynaecology, chest,
ophthalmic, casualty, dental, plastic, cardiac, neurological, kidney, paediatrics, cancerous, endoscopy
and isotopes, urology, vascular, diagnostic and other surgeries.
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Government health care facilities and their bed
capacities as in 1997.
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Types
of government hospitals and clinics.
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No.
of Beds
|
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Internal
disease
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818
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Infectious
diseases
|
159
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Pediatrics
& surgery
|
533
|
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Chest
disease and TB
|
164
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Cardiac
& Chest injury
|
107
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Neurology
& psychiatric
|
491
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Cancer
surgery
|
50
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General
surgery and ICU
|
639
|
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Ophthalmology
& Ophthalmic surgery
|
107
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ENT
|
98
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Orthopedics
& Orthopedic surgery
|
316
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|
Radio
therapy
|
62
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Physiotherapy
|
86
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Premature
|
164
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Gynecology
& Obstetrics
|
537
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Kidney
Transplant
|
14
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Plastic
surgery
|
68
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ICU
|
N/A
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Addiction
|
31
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Total:
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4,449
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Outpatients visits to government health care facilities
in the state of Kuwait
as in 1997.
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Government hospitals.
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No. of outpatients
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Al-Amiri
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109,840
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Al-Sabah
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201,100
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Maternity
|
42,453
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Chest
diseases
|
66,507
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Infectious
diseases
|
16,404
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Psychiatry
|
47,386
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Phys.&
Rehabilitation
|
37,863
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Al-Razi
|
97,806
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Kuwait Cancer
Control Center
|
25,730
|
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Kuwait Allergy
Center
|
46,723
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Ibn Sina
|
135,444
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Mubarak Al-Kabeer
|
85,426
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Farwaniya
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188,187
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Al-Adan
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150,809
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Al-Jahra
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110,114
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Total:
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1,361,792
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Islamic Medicine Center
|
9,879
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Grand
Total:
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1,371,671
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Names of
private and oil sector and special health care facilities at the
State of Kuwait
and their bed capacities as in 1997.
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Private
and semi private health care facilities
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No.
of beds
|
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A-
Private:
|
|
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Hadi hospital
|
98
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Mowasat
|
62
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Dar
Al-Shifa
|
67
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Al-Salam
|
74
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Al-Rashed
|
76
|
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Total:
|
377
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B-
Oil sector:
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Al-Ahmadi
|
171
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KNPC
|
-
|
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S.
Arabia Texaco Co.
|
-
|
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Total:
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171
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Grand
Total:
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548
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